Question 1

In single-subject research (specifically in phase-change designs) ,a phase consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  a series of observations conducted over time.
B)  a series of observations of the same individual.
C)  a series of observations under the same conditions.
D)  the other three choices are all components of a phase.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

A treatment phase is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a series of observations made when a treatment is being administered.
B)  the first observation made after a treatment is administered.
C)   the amount of change between the final observation before treatment and the first observation after treatment.
D)  the boundary between pre-treatment observations and post-treatment observations.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

The data obtained from a single-subject research study are

Accepted Answer

A)  displayed in a graph.
B)  statistically evaluated.
C)  displayed in a graph and statistically evaluated.
D)  displayed in a graph and visually inspected.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

In a dismantling design,the researcher

Accepted Answer

A)  withdraws the treatment gradually by removing one component at a time.
B)   changes the measurement from one behavior to another during the treatment phase to determine which behaviors are influenced by the treatment.
C)   uses a series of different treatment phases to compare the effectiveness of several different treatments.
D)   adds or subtracts one component of the treatment from one phase to the next to determine how the different components of a treatment contribute to its effectiveness.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

If the observations in the initial baseline phase show a trend in the direction of improved behavior,then the researcher should

Accepted Answer

A)  administer the treatment immediately without waiting for a clear and stable pattern.
B)  obtain at least three baseline observations before administering the treatment.
C)  increase the intensity of the treatment before it is administered.
D)  do nothing.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

A stable trend within a phase is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a set of observations that cluster around a horizontal line when graphed.
B)  a set of observations that cluster around a vertical line when graphed.
C)  a set of observations that cluster around a line sloping up to the right or a line sloping down to the right when graphed.
D)  a set of observations that all have exactly the same magnitude.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

In a graph of single-subject research data,a clear indication of a treatment effect is

Accepted Answer

A)  a continuation of the same average level from one phase to the next.
B)  a continuation of a clear trend from one phase to the next.
C)   a gradual change in behavior that becomes clear several observations after the treatment is initiated.
D)   a clear and immediate change in either the level or trend when the treatment is initiated.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Discuss the general advantages and disadvantages of single-subject research compared to traditional group designs.

Accepted Answer

The primary advantage of single-subject ...

Question 9

Which of the following is an ethical concern for the ABAB design?

Accepted Answer

A)  continuing to administer the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective
B)  administering the treatment immediately after the initial baseline phase
C)  removing the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective
D)  reintroducing the treatment after it has already been shown to be effectiveE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Single-subjects research studies tend to have

Accepted Answer

A)  practical significance even though they do not have statistical significance.
B)  statistical significance even though they do not have practical significance.
C)  both practical and statistical significance.
D)  neither practical nor statistical significance.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

In an ABAB design the critical element for demonstrating that the treatment causes changes in behavior is

Accepted Answer

A)  the change from the initial baseline to the initial treatment phase.
B)  the return to baseline after the first treatment phase.
C)  the second treatment phase that replicates the first.
D)  the consistency of the pattern of scores obtained in the two baseline phases.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Describe how single-case designs are similar to descriptive case studies and quasi-experimental time-series designs.

Accepted Answer

Single-case designs are similar to case ...

Question 13

In the notation for single-subject designs (e.g.ABAB),the letter A represents the baseline phase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

An advantage of single-subject designs is that

Accepted Answer

A)  they can be used with one participant.
B)  they are valuable in clinical settings.
C)  they allow for an experiment to be conducted on a single individual.
D)  the other three choices are all advantages of single-subject designs.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

The success of a single-subject experiment depends on demonstrating that behavior changes when the treatment is implemented and then repeating the demonstration at least one more time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The changing-criterion design would be appropriate for gradually increasing the number of pages read per week by an 8th-grade child.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The advantage of an ABAB design versus a simple AB phase?change design is

Accepted Answer

A)  the ABAB design can be used when a treatment has a permanent or long-lasting effect.
B)  the ABAB design does not require a stable baseline phase.
C)   the ABAB design reduces the probability that the result is just chance or coincidence.
D)  the ABAB design can be used even if the treatment effect is temporary.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

In single-subject research,a group of observations of the same individual under the same conditions is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  a time series.
B)  a phase.
C)  a sequence.
D)  a data set.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

In the notation for single-subject designs (e.g.ABAB),the letter B represents the baseline phase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In a single-subject phase change design,when does a researcher change phases?

Accepted Answer

A)  after 3 observations
B)  after 5 or 6 observations
C)  when the data show a clear and stable pattern
D)  at the beginning of each weekE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 14: Single-Subject Research Designs

In a dismantling design,the researcher

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In single-subject research (specifically in phase-change designs) ,a phase consists of

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Describe how single-case designs are similar to descriptive case studies and quasi-experimental time-series designs.

Correct AnswerverifiedSingle-case designs are similar to case ...View AnswerShow Answer

Single-subjects research studies tend to have

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An advantage of single-subject designs is that

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A treatment phase is defined as

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The advantage of an ABAB design versus a simple AB phase?change design is

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A stable trend within a phase is defined as

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In the notation for single-subject designs (e.g.ABAB),the letter B represents the baseline phase.

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In the notation for single-subject designs (e.g.ABAB),the letter A represents the baseline phase.

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In a graph of single-subject research data,a clear indication of a treatment effect is

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If the observations in the initial baseline phase show a trend in the direction of improved behavior,then the researcher should

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Which of the following is an ethical concern for the ABAB design?

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The data obtained from a single-subject research study are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the general advantages and disadvantages of single-subject research compared to traditional group designs.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe primary advantage of single-subject ...View AnswerShow Answer

The success of a single-subject experiment depends on demonstrating that behavior changes when the treatment is implemented and then repeating the demonstration at least one more time.

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In a single-subject phase change design,when does a researcher change phases?

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In single-subject research,a group of observations of the same individual under the same conditions is known as

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In an ABAB design the critical element for demonstrating that the treatment causes changes in behavior is

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The changing-criterion design would be appropriate for gradually increasing the number of pages read per week by an 8th-grade child.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Single-case designs are similar to case ...
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The primary advantage of single-subject ...
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