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Which of the following is a feature of social conventional reasoning?


A) Emphasis on ethical standards
B) Focus on rules of morality
C) Arbitrary nature
D) Incorporation of the concept of justice

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A ten-year-old is most likely to describe himself by saying,


A) "I am ten,and I have a bicycle."
B) "I am ten,and I have red hair and brown eyes."
C) "I am nice and I have a close friend named Tom."
D) "I live in a big,red brick house."

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Julie planned a surprise birthday party for her mother with the help of her friends and father.Before her mother got back from work,they put up streamers and other decorative items around their living room and waited for her mother to return and cut the cake.When Julie's mother returned,she got angry at the house being filled with children and the mess they had made decorating for her birthday party and stormed out of the house.This incident is likely to enhance Julie's sense of


A) inferiority.
B) industry.
C) autonomy.
D) generativity.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Which child is MOST at risk for being a victim of bullying?


A) Marsha,an attractive female on the track team
B) Alice,an overweight female who angers easily
C) Chad,an athletic male who plays football
D) Ben,an intelligent male with a large group of friends

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Paulo is outgoing and self-confident.He seems to be happy and in a good mood most of the time.Paulo is good at talking with other children and seems to care about their interests and problems.He is likely to be


A) popular with his peers.
B) rejected by most of his peers.
C) neglected in his peer interactions.
D) the target of rejection from his peers.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which approach is criticized for not giving enough attention to the content of a discipline?


A) The constructivist approach
B) The teacher-centered approach
C) The direct instruction approach
D) The problem-solving approach

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Evan is a slow learner who is in the fifth grade.He has been attending remedial classes where he receives training to retain and recall information better.His teachers have reassured his parents that the cumulative effect of these remedial classes take some time and is not visible instantly.Despite this knowledge,Evan's father often chastises him for his mediocre marks and compares him unfavorably to his peers.Evan's father's approach to his academic performance is likely to lead to a _____ in Evan.


A) greater sense of self-esteem
B) greater sense of inferiority
C) lower level of guilt and shame
D) strong feeling of secure attachment

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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What is a moral personality? Describe the components of a moral personality.

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Students' answers may vary. A ...

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Candice is presented with a moral dilemma.She responds by saying that the person in the dilemma should choose a course of action that will ensure that people will not think badly of that person.Candice's response reflects Lawrence Kohlberg's _____ reasoning level of moral development.


A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) autonomous moral
D) postconventional

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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_____ children are infrequently nominated as someone's best friend and are actively disliked by their peers.


A) Controversial
B) Average
C) Neglected
D) Rejected

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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What are Gilligan's criticisms of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

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The most publicized criticism of Kohlber...

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Advocates of the direct instruction approach to teaching believe that students need to


A) learn by collaborative methods.
B) give more attention to the content of a discipline.
C) explore their world and discover knowledge.
D) think in critical and creative ways.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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How does the development of self-understanding change from early childhood to middle and late childhood?

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What are the developmental changes in emotions that children undergo during their elementary school years?

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Students' answers may vary. Th...

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Erikson's fourth stage,industry versus inferiority,appears during


A) adolescence.
B) early childhood.
C) middle and late childhood.
D) late childhood and adolescence.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Ms.Johanssen likes to develop her lesson plans carefully and deviates from them as little as possible to ensure that all the material is covered.She insists that the class adhere to all the classrooms rules and that students maximize their learning time.Ms.Johanssen is using the _____ approach to teaching.


A) direct instruction
B) constructivist
C) problem-solving
D) learner-centered

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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How does context affect gender differences in communication?

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Students' answers may vary. The nature a...

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How does sharing develop in children?

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Children of mothers with suboptimal mental health are more likely to


A) become bullies.
B) be popular.
C) be socially accepted.
D) react to ambiguous situations passively.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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_____ aggression includes behaviors such as trying to make others dislike a certain individual by spreading malicious rumors about the person.


A) Instrumental
B) Normative
C) Relational
D) Hostile

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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