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Assume that a consumer's indifference curve is a downward-sloping straight line.As the consumer moves from left to right along the horizontal axis,the consumer's marginal rate of substitution


A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains constant.
D) increases,then decreases.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Bundle A contains 10 units of good X and 5 units of good Y.Bundle B contains 5 units of good X and 10 units of good Y.Bundle C contains 10 units of good X and 10 units of good Y.The consumer is indifferent between bundle A and bundle B.Assume that the consumer's preferences satisfy the four properties of indifference curves.Which of the following statements is correct?


A) The consumer must prefer bundle C to either bundle A or B.
B) Bundle A and bundle B lie on the same indifference curve.
C) The consumer must prefer bundle B to bundle C.
D) Both a) and b) are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Figure 21-7 Figure 21-7   -Refer to Figure 21-7.Which of the following comparisons is correct regarding the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of donuts for cake? A)  The MRS is greater between bundles A and B than between bundles B and C. B)  The MRS is greater between bundles B and C than between bundles A and B. C)  The MRS is the same between bundles A and B and bundles B and C because all three bundles lie on the same indifference curve. D)  The MRS is greater between bundles E and B than between bundles B and D. -Refer to Figure 21-7.Which of the following comparisons is correct regarding the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of donuts for cake?


A) The MRS is greater between bundles A and B than between bundles B and C.
B) The MRS is greater between bundles B and C than between bundles A and B.
C) The MRS is the same between bundles A and B and bundles B and C because all three bundles lie on the same indifference curve.
D) The MRS is greater between bundles E and B than between bundles B and D.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Figure 21-8 Figure 21-8       -Refer to Figure 21-8.Which of the graphs shown may represent indifference curves? A)  graph a B)  graph b C)  graph c D)  All of the above are correct. Figure 21-8       -Refer to Figure 21-8.Which of the graphs shown may represent indifference curves? A)  graph a B)  graph b C)  graph c D)  All of the above are correct. Figure 21-8       -Refer to Figure 21-8.Which of the graphs shown may represent indifference curves? A)  graph a B)  graph b C)  graph c D)  All of the above are correct. -Refer to Figure 21-8.Which of the graphs shown may represent indifference curves?


A) graph a
B) graph b
C) graph c
D) All of the above are correct.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following does not represent a tradeoff facing a consumer?


A) choosing to purchase more of all goods
B) choosing to spend more leisure time and less working time
C) choosing to spend more now and consume less in the future
D) choosing to purchase less of one good in order to purchase more of another good

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Figure 21-7 Figure 21-7   -Refer to Figure 21-7.When comparing bundle B to bundle C,the consumer A)  prefers bundle B because it contains more donuts. B)  is indifferent between the two bundles. C)  prefers bundle C because it contains more cake. D)  In order to compare bundle B to bundle C,we must know the prices of cake and donuts. -Refer to Figure 21-7.When comparing bundle B to bundle C,the consumer


A) prefers bundle B because it contains more donuts.
B) is indifferent between the two bundles.
C) prefers bundle C because it contains more cake.
D) In order to compare bundle B to bundle C,we must know the prices of cake and donuts.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Explain the difference between inferior and normal goods.As a developing economy experiences increases in income (measured by GDP),what would you predict to happen to demand for inferior goods?

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Normal goods are those for which consump...

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The following diagram shows two budget lines: A and B. The following diagram shows two budget lines: A and B.   Which of the following could explain the change in the budget line from A to B? A)  a simultaneous decrease in the price of X and the price of Y B)  an increase in income C)  an increase in income and a decrease in the price of Y D)  Both a and b are correct. Which of the following could explain the change in the budget line from A to B?


A) a simultaneous decrease in the price of X and the price of Y
B) an increase in income
C) an increase in income and a decrease in the price of Y
D) Both a and b are correct.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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If we observe that Rae's budget constraint has shifted inward,then we know for certain that


A) her income must have decreased.
B) she will be indifferent between goods X and Y.
C) the price of one or both of the goods must have increased.
D) her utility will decrease.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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A consumer has preferences over two goods,X and Y.Suppose we graph this consumer's preferences (which satisfy the usual properties of indifference curves) and budget constraint on a diagram with X on the horizontal axis and Y on the vertical axis.At the consumer's current consumption bundle,the consumer is spending all available income,and the marginal rate of substitution is less than the slope of the budget constraint.We can conclude that the consumer


A) is currently maximizing satisfaction.
B) could increase satisfaction by consuming more X and less Y.
C) could increase satisfaction by consuming less X and more Y.
D) could purchase more X and more Y and increase total satisfaction.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Suppose a consumer has an income of $800 per month and that she spends her entire income each month on beer and bratwurst.The price of a pint of beer is $5,and the price of a bratwurst is $4.Which of the following combinations of beers and bratwursts represents a point that would lie directly on the consumer's budget constraint?


A) 160 beers and 200 bratwursts
B) 40 beers and 50 bratwursts
C) 80 beers and 100 bratwursts
D) 80 beers and 0 bratwursts

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Assume that a college student spends her income on mac-n-cheese and CDs.The price of one box of mac-n-cheese is $1,and the price of one CD is $12.If she has $100 of income,she could choose to consume


A) 15 boxes of mac-n-cheese and 6 CDs.
B) 20 boxes of mac-n-cheese and 7 CDs.
C) 10 boxes of mac-n-cheese and 8 CDs.
D) 30 boxes of mac-n-cheese and 6 CDs.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Suppose the only two goods that Brett consumes are wine and cheese.When wine sells for $10 a bottle and cheese sell for $10 a pound,he buys 6 bottles of wine and 4 pounds of cheese - spending his entire income of $100.One day the price of wine falls to $5 a bottle and the price of cheese increases to $20 a pound,while his income does not change.The bundle of wine and cheese that he purchased at the old prices now costs


A) the same amount at the new prices.
B) less than Brett's income at the new prices.
C) more than Brett's income at the new prices.
D) We do not have enough information to answer the question.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Figure 21-11 Figure 21-11   -Refer to Figure 21-11.Assume that the consumer depicted in the figure has an income of $40.Based on the information available in the graph,which of the following price-quantity combinations would be on her demand curve for marshmallows if the price of chocolate chips is $4? A)  P=$2,Q=3 B)  P=$2,Q=9 C)  P=$4,Q=3 D)  P=$4,Q=9 -Refer to Figure 21-11.Assume that the consumer depicted in the figure has an income of $40.Based on the information available in the graph,which of the following price-quantity combinations would be on her demand curve for marshmallows if the price of chocolate chips is $4?


A) P=$2,Q=3
B) P=$2,Q=9
C) P=$4,Q=3
D) P=$4,Q=9

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Scenario 21-3 Diane knows that she will ultimately face retirement.Assume that Diane will experience two periods in her life,one in which she works and earns income,and one in which she is retired and earns no income.Diane can earn $250,000 during her working period and nothing in her retirement period.She must both save and consume in her work period with an interest rate of 10 percent on savings. -Refer to Scenario 21-3.If the interest rate on savings increases,it is possible that


A) Diane will decrease her savings in the work period.
B) Diane will increase her savings in the work period.
C) Diane will not change her consumption in the work period.
D) All of the above are possible.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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When we derive the demand curve for a good,we should remember that the


A) income effect must be greater than the substitution effect.
B) substitution effect must be greater than the income effect.
C) substitution effect must be in the same direction as the income effect.
D) income effect and the substitution effect may work in the same or in opposite directions.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Figure 21-11 Figure 21-11   -Refer to Figure 21-11.Assume that the consumer depicted in the figure has an income of $40.If the price of chocolate chips is $4 and the price of marshmallows is $4,the optimizing consumer would choose to purchase A)  9 marshmallows and 6 chocolate chips. B)  10 marshmallows and 10 chocolate chips. C)  5 marshmallows and 5 chocolate chips. D)  3 marshmallows and 9 chocolate chips. -Refer to Figure 21-11.Assume that the consumer depicted in the figure has an income of $40.If the price of chocolate chips is $4 and the price of marshmallows is $4,the optimizing consumer would choose to purchase


A) 9 marshmallows and 6 chocolate chips.
B) 10 marshmallows and 10 chocolate chips.
C) 5 marshmallows and 5 chocolate chips.
D) 3 marshmallows and 9 chocolate chips.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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If we observe that a consumer's budget constraint has shifted inward,we can assume that the consumer will buy


A) fewer normal goods and more inferior goods.
B) more normal goods and fewer inferior goods.
C) more normal goods and more inferior goods.
D) fewer normal goods and fewer inferior goods.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Explain the relationship between the budget constraint and indifference curve at a consumer's optimum.

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Since the budget constraint is tangent t...

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A family on a trip budgets $800 for meals and gasoline.If the price of a meal for the family is $50,how many meals can the family buy if they do not buy any gasoline?


A) 8
B) 16
C) 24
D) 32

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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