Exam 15: The Union Broken

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The new commercial agriculture, growth o...

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A) that the North was making the South into its economic colony.
B) that the immigrant influx strengthened the North's dominance in the House of Representatives.
C) that only the expansion of slave states could overcome the South's isolation and decreasing political clout.
D) that the threats against slavery had led to a sharp drop in the market value of slaves.

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The most central issue to provoking the ...

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The Crittenden Compromise was a last-dit...

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Southern anxiety increased in the 1850s ...

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A) westward migration continued despite the distractions of sectional strife.
B) it was deliberate, violent acts by an extremist minority that sucked Americans into civil war.
C) the ability of settlers in Kansas to disagree, yet still get along, shows that the Civil War was not necessarily inevitable.
D) violence in Kansas discredited popular sovereignty, the only remaining compromise solution to the growing sectional split.

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The violence in Kansas and the caning of...

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A) religion
B) alcohol
C) slavery
D) economics

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The economic and social developments of the 1850s played a significant role in contributing to the growing sectional strain between the North and South. Economically, the North was rapidly industrializing, while the South relied heavily on agriculture, particularly the production of cotton. This economic divide created tensions as the North sought to implement protective tariffs to support its industries, while the South opposed these tariffs as they would increase the cost of manufactured goods that the South needed to import. Additionally, the South's reliance on slavery as a labor force created further economic divisions, as the North increasingly opposed the institution of slavery and sought its abolition. Socially, the growing abolitionist movement in the North and the increasing tensions over the issue of slavery exacerbated sectional divisions. The publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852, which depicted the harsh realities of slavery, further polarized public opinion on the issue. Social and cultural differences between the North and South also contributed to the growing divide, as each region developed distinct identities and values. In comparison to the economic and social factors, the political events of the 1850s also played a crucial role in exacerbating sectional tensions. The Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott decision all heightened the conflict over the expansion of slavery and states' rights, ultimately leading to the breakdown of the national political system. It is difficult to determine whether the economic and social developments were more or less important than the political events of the decade in contributing to the growing sectional strain. In reality, these factors were intertwined and influenced each other. The economic and social divisions between the North and South fueled the political conflicts, while political events further exacerbated the economic and social tensions. Ultimately, all of these factors collectively contributed to the growing sectional strain between the North and South, making it challenging to prioritize one over the other.

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The Supreme Court ruled in the Dred Scott decision that African Americans, whether free or enslaved, were not and could never become citizens of the United States. Additionally, the Court declared that the Missouri Compromise, which prohibited slavery in certain territories, was unconstitutional. This decision failed to settle the slavery expansion issue because it further entrenched the divide between the North and South, ultimately contributing to the outbreak of the Civil War. The ruling effectively nullified the possibility of compromise on the issue of slavery expansion and heightened tensions between anti-slavery and pro-slavery factions in the United States.

A) A sense of crisis grew in the region as the price of slaves jumped and the price of cotton remained relatively stagnant.
B) The progress of transportation development reoriented western trade toward New Orleans.
C) Although cotton's importance as an export crop declined, it remained the primary driver of domestic economic growth.
D As they converted to the new agricultural machinery, southern planters found themselves deeply in . debt in a time of declining profits.

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A) popular sovereignty
B) the Freeport Doctrine
C) the Dred Scott decision
D) the Lecompton constitution

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A) that it provoked bloody retaliation against antislavery voters in Kansas.
B) that it intensified southern fears of slave insurrection.
C) that it intensified southern suspicions about the Republican party.
D) that it added to the southerners' belief that their interests could not be protected within the Union.

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The Know-Nothing party arose in the 1850...

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A) John Deer
B) Cyrus McCormick
C) Edmund Flagg
D) Eli Whitney

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After the Revolution, Americans became h...

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A) to hasten the opening of the West for the sake of economic development.
B) to accelerate the process of bringing the Plains Indians under federal control.
C) to insure that Chicago became the eastern terminus of any transcontinental railroad.
D) to help fulfill the aims of the Young America movement, of which Douglas was a typical representative.

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1. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854: This act allowed the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether they would allow slavery within their borders, effectively repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820. This led to violence and conflict in Kansas, known as "Bleeding Kansas," and further polarized the nation on the issue of slavery. 2. The Dred Scott Decision of 1857: In this Supreme Court case, the Court ruled that African Americans, whether free or enslaved, were not considered citizens and therefore could not sue in federal court. This decision also declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, further inflaming tensions between the North and South over the issue of slavery. 3. The Pottawatomie Massacre of 1856: This event, led by abolitionist John Brown, involved the killing of five pro-slavery settlers in Kansas. The incident escalated the violence in "Bleeding Kansas" and heightened the tensions between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in the territory. 4. The formation of the Republican Party in 1854: The Republican Party was founded as a response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the expansion of slavery into new territories. The party's platform was centered around preventing the spread of slavery into the western territories, and these sectional events, particularly "Bleeding Kansas," helped to galvanize support for the Republican Party in the North. Of these events, the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the violence in Kansas, as well as the Dred Scott Decision, further alienated many Northerners from the Democratic Party and contributed to the growth of the Republican Party, which ultimately gained power and prominence in the years following these sectional events.